Table 6.
Studies showing immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes.
| Articles | Conclusion of the Study | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Immunomodulatory potential of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on in vitro stimulated T cells | MSCs-derived exosomes are a cell-derived product that could be considered as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. | [31] |
| Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosome | IDO showed no significant changes in PBMCs exposed to MSCs-derived exosome. They conclude that exosome and MSCs might differ in their immune-modulating activities and mechanisms. | [14] |
| Mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes ameliorate experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia and restore lung function through macrophage immunomodulation | The MSC-derived exosome mechanism of action is associated with modulation of lung macrophage phenotype. | [32] |
| Mesenchymal stem cell and derived exosome as small RNA carrier and Immunomodulator to improve islet transplantation | This work elucidated the mechanisms of RNA delivery from hBMSCs to human islets and the immunosuppressive effect of hBMSC and peripheral blood mononuclear cell co-cultured exosomes for improving islet transplantation. | [33] |
| Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: immunomodulatory evaluation in an antigen-induced synovitis porcine model | The study suggested immunomodulatory effect of the exosomes and pointed out that they may represent a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of synovitis. | [34] |
| Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes on experimental type-1 autoimmune diabetes | AD-MSC’s exosomes exert ameliorative effects on autoimmune T1DM through increasing regulatory T-cell population and their products without a change in the proliferation index of lymphocytes, which makes them more effective and practical candidates. | [35] |
| Study of immunomodulatory function of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) | The hUC-MSCs-exosome has the immunomodulatory function in vitro, which could be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of immune disorders. | [36] |
| Primed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation | MSCs exposed to priming culture conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs’ metabolomic profile | [37] |
| The secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells: role of extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation | Mesenchymal stromal cells influence the cells of the immune system. This influence is mainly due to the release of paracrine factors | [38] |
| Mesenchymal stem cells secrete immunologically active exosomes | Infusion of MSC exosomes enhanced the survival of allogenic skin graft in mice and increased Tregs. | [1] |
| Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (Exos) are more immunosuppressive than microparticles (MPs) in inflammatory arthritis | MSCs-derived MPs and Exos exerted an anti-inflammatory role on T and B lymphocytes independently of MSCs priming. | [88] |