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Groups of female BALB/c mice were immunized by the subcutaneous route (s.c.) with OVA (20 µg) alone or with QS-21 (20 µg), or a synthetic saponin (50 μg). IgG2a/IgG1 ratios are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated by t tests (with unpaired, nonparametric, and Mann-Whitney test). ** p < 0.01 compared with the group of OVA alone, and # p < 0.05 compared between the indicated groups.
