Figure 3.

Relationship heatmap was performed to show the association between maternal/newborns’ bacterial abundance and maternal diet intake frequency as well as alcohol consumption before delivery. The coefficient appeared color-coded based on under (red) or over-representation (green) in the analysis (* 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05, ** 0.001 < p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001). (a) Indicates relationships among maternal gut microbiota with diet and alcohol consumption; (b) indicates relationships among newborns’ gut microbiota with maternal diet and alcohol consumption.