Table 3.
Study | Enrichment | Indicator(s) | Effect(s) |
---|---|---|---|
[118] | Water flow (forced swimming training) | Survival due to chronic training | ↓ |
Oxygen consumption during swimming | ↓ | ||
Survival when exposed to hypoxia | ↑ | ||
[119] | Water flow (forced swimming training) | Skeletal muscle mass | ↑ |
[120] | Water flow (forced swimming training) | Bone-forming osteoblasts | ↑ |
Bone volume | ↑ | ||
Bone mineralisation | ↑ | ||
[84] | Optional access to water flow | Preference (occupancy in enriched compartment) | Aversion to flow only; preference for flow when combined with physical enrichment (see above) |
[105] | Housed with water flow | Aggression | ↑ |
Latency to feed | No effect | ||
Shoaling distances | No effect | ||
[121] | Water flow (forced swimming training) | Learning | ↑ |
[122] | Water flow (forced swimming training) | Anxiety | ↓ |
[98] | Novel area in structurally enriched tank (sloped gravel substrate, rocks and five artificial plants) (NB: structural enrichment was present in both the main and novel sections of the tank) | Agonistic behaviours | ↓ |
Shoal cohesion and coordination | ↑ |
↑ = increase; ↓ = decrease.