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Inhibition of radicle growth of broomrape species. P. ramosa radicles treated with control (A) and with quercetin (B); O. cumana radicles treated with control (C) and quercetin (D). Allelopathic effect of quercetin, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid methyl esters, apigenin and acetylpadmatin on radicle growth of P. ramosa and O. cumana (E). * Indicates differences at the 0.05 level compared with the control. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
