Figure 4.
Allelopathic effects of DMBQ (A,F), quercetin (B,G), 7,4′-O,O′-dimethylquercetin (6) (C,H), 3,7-O,O′-dimethylquercetin (7) (D,I), and 3,7,3′,4′-O,O′,O″,O‴-tetramethylquercetin (8) (E,J) in the radicle growth (A–E) and haustorium induction (F–J) of Phelipanche ramosa. * Indicates differences at the 0.05 level compared with the control. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.