Table 1.
Major limnological characteristics of Lake Zurich.
| Parameter | Average (Minimum–Maximum) | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Water temperature | 12.7 (4.7–23.7) | °C |
| Air temperature | 11.8 (−6.0–24.6) | °C |
| Secchi depth (water transparency) | 5.0 (2.4–11.2) | m |
| Conductivity | 266 (219–293) | µS cm−1 |
| Oxygen concentration | 10.6 (8.7–13.3) | mg O2 L−1 |
| Oxygen saturation | 100 (72–126) | % |
| Orthophosphate * | 1.6 (0.0–3.2) | µg P L−1 |
| Total phosphorus * | 12.3 (7.0–25) | µg P L−1 |
| Particulate phosphorus * | 8.5 (3.0–21) | µg P L−1 |
| Nitrate (NO3-N) * | 434 (113–610) | µg N L−1 |
| Ammonium (NH4-N) * | 6.0 (2.3–22.6) | µg N L−1 |
| Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) * | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | mg C L−1 |
| Total chlorophyll a | 6.6 (0.5–32.1) | µg Chl a L−1 |
| Maximal depth | 136 | m |
| Total lake volume | 3.3 | km3 |
| Total lake area | 66.6 | km2 |
| Water retention time | 1.2 | years |