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. 2021 Mar 23;14:1029–1041. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S288280

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© 2021 Marônek et al.

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Schematic view of situations in which MMP is either controlled or not by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). (A) In physiological conditions, TIMPs form with MMPs reversible complexes in a 1:1 ratio thereby controlling MMP activity. Within inflammatory microenvironment, the TIMP/MMP ratio can be decreased by overexpression of MMPs without a parallel increase of TIMPs (B), a sudden decrease in the expression of TIMPs (C) or increased MMP concentration that is accompanied by concomitant decrease in TIMP levels (D).