Table 5.
Adolescents’ BMI estimates of the endogenous treatment effects model—Outcome equation.
| Variables | BMI (Outcome Equation) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full Sample | Boys | Girls | |
| Gender (girl) | −0.201 *** | - | - |
| (0.077) | |||
| Age | 0.077 ** | 0.053 | 0.080 * |
| (0.032) | (0.045) | (0.047) | |
| Household size | −0.027 | −0.062 | 0.041 |
| (0.039) | (0.053) | (0.061) | |
| Mother’s educational level (high level) | −0.590 *** | −0.446 *** | −0.868 *** |
| (0.096) | (0.137) | (0.144) | |
| Father’s educational level (high level) | 0.298 *** | 0.170 | 0.431 *** |
| (0.085) | (0.115) | (0.133) | |
| Snack choices | |||
| Dairy products | 0.220 ** | 0.207 * | 0.195 |
| (0.089) | (0.124) | (0.138) | |
| Deep fried foods | 0.606 *** | 0.669 *** | 0.287 |
| (0.124) | (0.149) | (0.255) | |
| Confectionery | 1.387 *** | 1.128 *** | 1.796 *** |
| (0.120) | (0.160) | (0.190) | |
| Sugar sweetened beverages | 0.332 *** | 0.246 ** | 0.509 *** |
| (0.085) | (0.120) | (0.131) | |
| Sandwiches/pies/pizzas | 0.386 *** | 0.491 *** | 0.229 * |
| (0.085) | (0.114) | (0.133) | |
| Cereals/nuts | −0.541 *** | −0.857 *** | −0.210 |
| (0.111) | (0.167) | (0.158) | |
| Fruits/vegetables | 0.017 | 0.104 ** | −0.094 ** |
| (0.033) | (0.048) | (0.048) | |
| Body weight stereotypes | |||
| Endorsement of thinness | 0.285 *** | 0.436 *** | 0.255 ** |
| (0.079) | (0.114) | (0.116) | |
| Anti-fat attitudes | −0.127 * | −0.377 *** | 0.179 |
| (0.078) | (0.112) | (0.116) | |
| Smoking | −0.037 | 0.369 ** | −0.469 ** |
| (0.142) | (0.184) | (0.221) | |
| μ1 | −0.676 | −1.084 | −0.356 |
| μ2 | 2.287 | 1.936 | 2.720 |
| μ3 | 3.840 | 3.571 | 4.270 |
| ρ | −0.356 *** | −0.624 *** | −0.085 |
| (0.092) | (0.099) | (0.155) | |
| Log-Likelihood (both stages) | −1087.504 | −542.578 | −500.171 |
Standard errors are given in parentheses. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. Statistically significant estimates are marked in bold.