Figure 2.

Representative illustration of PPARs activating pathways. (A) In absence of ligand binding, the nuclear corepressor complex prevents PPAR/RXR binding to their DNA binding element, called PPAR response element (PPRE). (B) In presence of a ligand, PPAR/RXR dimer binds to the PPRE of target genes and regulates the transcription of target genes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator of the PPAR/RXR complex, known to be activated by intracellular factors such as AMPK, SIRT and MAP kinases.