. 2021 Mar 13;12(3):243. doi: 10.3390/insects12030243

Table 1.

Characterised Drosophila melanogaster temperature sensitive mutations with potential to cause embryonic lethality if introduced into other insect species.

Name	Symbol	Chromosomal Location ¹	Mutation ²	Amino Acid Substitution	Permissive Temperature	Restrictive Temperature	Phenotype (Restrictive Temperature)	References
shibire	shi	Chromosome X 15,892,116 to 15,906,716 [+]	shi^ts1	G268D	22 °C	27–29 °C	Embryonic lethal	Grigliatti, et al. [75] Poodry, et al. [78]
			shi^ts2	G141S	22 °C	27–29 °C	Semi-embryonic lethal	Grigliatti, et al. [75] Poodry, et al. [78]
			shi^ts4	P171S	22 °C	27–29 °C	Recessive, adult paralysis	Grigliatti, et al. [75] Kim, et al. [79]
			shi^SHY	T749I	22 °C	34.5 °C	Adult paralysis	Ramaswami, et al. [80] Krishnan, et al. [81] Narayanan, et al. [82]
Notch	N	Chromosome X 3,134,870 to 3,172,221 [+]	N^ts1	G1272D	18 °C	29 °C	Embryonic, larval (2nd and 3rd instars) and pupal lethality reported	Shellenbarger and Mohler [83]
			N^ts2	-	18 °C	30 °C	Embryonic lethal	Shellenbarger and Mohler [83] Ge, et al. [84]
			N^Ax-ts1	-	18 °C	29 °C	Embryonic lethal	Shellenbarger and Mohler [83]
			N^Ax28	N986I	25 °C	29 °C	Lethal beginning at pupal stage	Portin and Sirén [85]
			N^60g11 (Dominant)	S2257G and 16 bp deletion removing T15442 to A15457 inclusive	Above 26 °C	Below 20 °C	Embryonic lethal, cold sensitive allele	Welshons and Von Halle [86] Foster [87] Fryxell and Miller [88] Lyman and Young [89]
RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit	RpII215	Chromosome X 11,562,800 to 11,570,326 [−]	RpII215^ts	R977C	22 °C	29 °C	Semi-embryonic lethal and completely lethal if continue treat at RT until first instar larvae	Mortin and Kaufman [90]
pale (tyrosine hydroxylase)	ple	Chromosome 3L 6,713,356 to 6,719,525 [−]	ple^ts1	C415R	18 °C	29 °C	Embryonic lethal	Pendleton, et al. [91]
transformer-2	tra-2	Chromosome 2R 14,602,004 to 14,604,337 [−]	tra-2^ts1	A151V	-	16 °C, 29 °C	Sterility, pseudo XX males	Belote and Lucchesi [92]
transformer-2	tra-2	Chromosome 2R 14,602,004 to 14,604,337 [−]	tra-2^ts2	P181S	16 °C	29 °C	Sterility, pseudo XX males	Belote and Lucchesi [92]
Downstream of raf1	Dsor1	Chromosome X 9,247,342 to 9,250,037 [+]	D-mek^ts1	P209S	20 °C	25 °C	Lethal (unreported stage of development). Temperature sensitivity observed during oogenesis.	Hsu and Perrimon [93]

¹ NCBI reference sequences for Drosophila melanogaster X, 2R and 3L chromosomes are NC_004354.4, NT_033778.4 and NT_037436.4, respectively. [+] sense DNA strand, [−] anti-sense DNA strand. ² Mutations are recessive unless indicated.