Table 3.

Advantages and disadvantages of various vaccine platforms.

Vaccine Platform	Advantage	Disadvantage
Inactivated virus	Good safety profile Better stability during transportation and storage Longer shelf life	Weak immunogenicity Shorter duration of protection Requires adjuvants Large dose required
Protein subunit	Non-infectious Fewer side effects	Limited immunogenicity Require adjuvants
mRNA	Non-infectious Non-integrating High malleability to regulate immunogenicity High immunogenicity Long-lasting immunity	Stability in-vivo
Recombinant viral vector	Unwanted antigens can be eliminated Adjuvants not required due to danger signals from vector High efficiency in stimulating immune responses	Pre-existing host immunity reduces efficacy Costly