Table 1.

Human studies of MSC transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury. The studies that were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis following literature searches in PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library. Abbreviations: MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; C, controlled study; UC, uncontrolled study; R, randomised study; NonRand, nonrandomised study; IT, intrathecal; IV, intravenous; LP, lumbar puncture; Au, autologous MSCs; Allo, allogeneic MSCs; BM, bone marrow-derived MSCs; AT, adipose tissue-derived MSCs; UC, umbilical cord-derived MSCs; MS, multiple sites; CP, cryopreservation; NS, not specified; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Author	Study Design	MSC Delivery	Cell Source	MSC Dosage	CP	Participants (n)
Mendonca et al., 2014 [61]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	1 × 107	None	12
Vaquero et al., 2018 [62]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	3 × 108	10% DMSO	11
Oh et al., 2016 [63]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	4.8 × 107	None	16
Hur et al., 2016 [15]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, AT	9 × 107	None	14
Vaquero et al., 2017 [64]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	1.2 × 108	NS	10
Cheng et al., 2014 [65]	C, Rand	IT	Allo, UC	4 × 107	None	10 treated 24 control
Dai et al., 2013 [66]	C, Rand	IT	Au, BM	8 × 105 (MS)	None	20 treated 20 control
Karamouzian et al., 2012 [14]	C, NonRand	LP	Au, BM	0.7–1.2 × 106	None	11
Ra et al., 2011 [67]	UC, NonRand	IV	Au, AT	4 × 108	None	8
Pal et al., 2009 [68]	UC, NonRand	LP	Au, BM	1 × 106/kg	NS	30
Vaquero et al., 2016 [69]	UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	1.3–2.6 × 108	NS	12
El-Kheir et al., 2014 [70]	C, Rand	LP	Au, BM	2 × 106/kg	None	50 treated 20 control
Phedy et al., 2019 [71]	Case study	IT + IV	Au, BM	69.5 × 106	NS	1
Bydon et al., 2020 [72]	Case study	LP	Au, AT	1 × 108	NS	1
Larocca et al., 2017 [73]	Pilot, UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	2 × 107	None	5
Chotivichit et al., 2015 [74]	Pilot, UC, NonRand	IT	Au, BM	3 × 107	None	1
Hua et al., 2016 [75]	Pilot, UC, NonRand	IT	Au, UC	4 × 107	None	1
Jarocha et al., 2015 [76]	Case study	IT + IV	Au, BM	1.54 × 108	None	1
Park et al., 2012 [77]	UC, NonRand	LP	Au, BM	1.48 × 108	10% DMSO	10