Table 4.
Free phenolic compounds contents in barley pearling fractions.
| Flavan-3-ols (µg/g) | Phenolic Acids (µg/g) | Flavones Glycosides (µg/g) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cat | Cat-g | Pc B3 | Pd B4 | Gallic | Ferulic | DC diF | p-Cm | p-OHB | OHB | 2,4- diOHB | Vanill | Caff | Syring | Cinna | Ap g | Isosc g | Isosc r | Isoor | Isov g | Isov g-g | Isov r | |
| Kamalamai | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 53 d | 102 b | 374 c | 312 c | 35.9 a | 27.1 a | 1.1 a | 25.7 a | 21.5 a | 10.9 a | 16.9 a | 78.4 a | 11.6 b | 23.3 a | 12.8 a | 13.8 a | 13.4 a,b | 8.3 a | 7.3 a | 0.2 d | 1.7 a | 1.8 a |
| F2 | 96 c | 173 a | 662 a | 536 b | 37.0 a | 20.0 a | 1.1 a | 17.2 a | 16.5 b | 10.8 a | 14.5 b | 48.1 b | 12.8 a | 17.2 b | 11.5 b | 10.0 b | 14.7 a | 8.1 a | 7.1 a,b | 0.2 c,d | 1.7 a | 1.1 a,b |
| F3 | 125 a,b | 194 a | 740 a | 644 a | 39.8 a | 12.8 b | - | 6.6 b | 12.8 c | - | - | 14.6 c | 12.6 a | 10.6 c | - | 3.4 c | 10.4 d,e | 7.2 b | 6.6 b | 0.4 b,c | 0.3 b | 0.7 b,c |
| F4 | 143 a | 125 b | 434 b | 322 c | 38.8 a | 7.2 c | - | 3.5 b,c | 11.3 d | - | - | 8.3 d | - | 8.3 d | - | 1.4 d | 11.4 c,d | 7.1 b | 6.7 a,b | 0.7 a | - | 0.4 c |
| F5 | 121 a,b | 76 c | 264 d | 192 d | 37.4 a | 7.0 c,d | - | 3.1 b,c | 11.1 d | - | - | 8.6 d | - | 8.3 d | - | 1.0 e | 12.8 b,c | 7.0 b | 6.9 a,b | 0.7 a | - | 0.4 c |
| F6 | 104 b,c | 56 d | 202 e | 134 e | 28.3 b | 5.3 d,e | - | 2.7 c | 10.9 d | - | - | 7.0 d | - | 7.5 d | - | 0.7 f | 12.3 b,c | 6.9 b | 7.0 a,b | 0.5 a,b | - | 0.4 c |
| F7 | 73 d | 19 e | 61 f | 36 f | 18.0 c | 4.1 e | - | 0.4 d | 1.5 e | - | - | 2.5 e | - | 1.1 e | - | 0.1 g | 9.5 e | 1.0 c | 1.0 c | 0.1 e | - | 0.1 d |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Hindukusch | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 34 c | 53 b | 227 b | 385 b | 24.1 a,b | 24.6 a | 1.9 a | 14.2 a | 21.8 a | 15.5 | 40.6 a | 58.4 a | 11.7 a | 15.0 a | - | 11.3 a | 8.3 b | 9.1 a | 7.7 a | 1.5 a | - | 2.2 a |
| F2 | 48 a,b | 100 a | 359 a | 612 a | 27.8 a,b | 14.3 b | 1.1 b | 5.9 b | 18.8 b | - | 31.3 b | 44.7 b | 10.8 b | 11.4 b | - | 7.2 b | 8.4 b | 9.1 a | 7.4 a,b | 2.1 a | - | 2.0 a,b |
| F3 | 58 a | 101 a | 349 a | 544 a | 29.5 a,b | 10.2 c | 0.7 c | 3.7 b,c | 16.5 c | - | 21.7 c | 36.2 c | 10.5 b | 9.4 c | - | 4.3 c | 8.3 b | 8.0 b | 7.0 b,c | 1.5 a | - | 1.3 b,c |
| F4 | 46 b | 56 b | 235 b | 316 c | 31.1 a | 7.8 d | - | 3.0 c,d | 15.3 d | - | 15.9 d | 28.8 d | - | 8.4 c,d | - | 2.1 d | 7.5 c | 7.5 b,c | 6.9 c | 0.8 b | - | 0.9 c,d |
| F5 | 33 c | 24 c | 107 c | 129 d | 32.6 a | 6.2 d | - | 1.9 d,e | 14.1 e | - | 14.1 d | 23.5 e | - | 7.9 d | - | 1.2 e | 8.7 b | 7.3 c | 6.9 c | 0.6 b,c | - | 0.7 d |
| F6 | 27 c | 14 d | 49 d | 48 e | 20.5 b,c | 4.4 e | - | 1.1 e | 13.1 e | - | 1.9 e | 17.2 f | - | 7.6 d | - | 0.6 f | 9.5 a | 7.1 c | 6.9 c | 0.3 c | - | 0.3 e |
| F7 | 16 d | 2 d | 13 e | 8 f | 16.1 c | 3.5 f | - | - | 10.5 f | - | - | 5.9 g | - | 0.1 e | - | 0.1 g | 8.3 b | 1.0 d | 1.0 d | 0.1 d | - | 0.03 f |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| Annapurna | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 91 b | 349 a | 927 a | 554 a | 25.4 a | 11.9 a | - | 4.5 a | 12.4 a | - | - | 25.8 a | 11.3 a | 11.7 a | 12.1 a | 3.7 a | 10.7 a | 8.5 a | - | 0.2 b,c | - | 1.0 a |
| F2 | 85 c | 245 a | 601 b | 339 a,b | 24.1 a | 8.1 b | - | 2.2 b | 10.9 b | - | - | 16.9 a,b | 10.3 b | 9.2 b | 11.4 a,b | 1.4 b | 8.7 d | 7.2 b | - | 0.3 a,b | - | 0.5 b |
| F3 | 91 b,c | 139 b | 302 c | 164 b | 22.3 a | 6.1 b,c | - | 1.8 b,c | 10.9 b | - | - | 12.5 b | - | 7.9 c | 10.9 b | 0.5 c | 9.0 c,d | 7.0 b | - | 0.3 a,b | - | 0.2 c |
| F4 | 105 a | 79 c | 156 d | 71 c | 21.3 a | 4.7 c,d,e | - | 1.8 b,c | 10.7 b | - | - | 6.5 c | - | 7.3 c | - | 0.4 c,d | 9.7 b,c | - | - | 0.4 a,b | - | 0.2 c |
| F5 | 90 b,c | 53 c | 108 e | 49 c | 21.0 a | 5.2 c,d | - | 1.6 c | 10.2 b,c | - | - | 6.4 c | - | 7.1 c | - | 0.4 c,d | 11.3 a | - | - | 0.5 a | - | 0.2 c |
| F6 | 89 b,c | 29 d | 55 f | 20 d | 22.2 a,b | 3.6 e | - | - | 10.3 b,c | - | - | 4.3 c | - | 7.1 c | - | 0.2 d | 10.6 a,b | - | - | 0.1 c | - | - |
| F7 | 51 d | 15 e | 30 g | 15 d | 16.4 b | 4.2 d,e | - | - | 9.8 c | - | - | 2.2 d | - | 1.0 d | - | - | 7.7 e | - | - | - | - | - |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
Results are presented as the mean. Means within a column followed by different letters indicate significant differences on log-transformed data; (Tukey-Kramer’s HSD for α = 0.05). SED: standard error of the difference between means. Cat: Catechin, Cat-g: Catechin-glucoside, Pc B3: Procyanidin B3, Pd B4: Prodelphinidin B4, DCDiF: Decarboxylated diferulic acid, p-Cm: p-coumaric acid, p-OHB: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, OHB: m- or o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-diOHB: 2,4-dihydroxyenzoic acid, Vanill: Vanillic acid, Caff: Caffeic acid, Syring: Syringic acid, Cinna: Cinnamic acid, Ag g: Apigenin 6-C-arabinoside 8-C-glucoside, Isosc g: Isoscoparin 7-glucoside, Isosc r: Isoscoparin 7-rutinoside, Isoor: Isoorientin, Isov g: Isovitexin 7-glucoside, Isov g-g: Isovitexin 7-(6’’’-sinapoylglucoside) 4’-glucoside, Isov r: Isovitexin 7-rutinoside.—Not detected.