Table 5.
Bound phenolic compounds contents (µg/g) in barley pearling fractions.
| Phenolic Acids (µg/g) | Flavones Glycosides (µg/g) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferulic | isoF | DiF | TriF | DC DiF | THF DiF | p-Cm | m-Cm | p-OHB | OHB | 2,4-diOHB | Vanillic | Caffeic | Syringic | Sinapic | Cinna | Ag g | Isosc-g | Isosc r | Isov g | |
| Kamalamai | ||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 1367 a | 17 b,c | 330 a | 21.2 a | 34.3 a | 5.5 a | 978 a | 21.3 a | 22.8 a | 3.0 c | 3.5 b,c | 117 a | 5.1 c | 19.6 a | 14.1 a,b | 3.8 d | 1.6 a | 1.7 d | - | 0.05 b |
| F2 | 1260 a | 15 b,c | 165 b | 15.8 a | 18.2 b | 1.9 b | 523 b | 8.1 b | 15.3 b | 4.6 a,b | 4.2 b | 78 b | 7.2 b | 15.9 a | 20.3 a | 5.5 a | 1.1 a | 2.4 a | - | 0.09 a |
| F3 | 1184 a | 15 b,c | 151 b | 31.7 a | 3.0 c | - | 182 c | 3.5 c | 11.1 c | 4.9 a,b | 6.0 a | 44 c | 16.1 a | 9.4 b | 21.1 a | 5.9 a | 0.2 b | 2.1 b | - | - |
| F4 | 804 b | 20 b | 69 c | 3.8 b | 1.1 d | - | 65 d | 2.2 c,d | 6.8 d | 4.8 a,b | 2.8 c | 18 d | 3.9 c,d | 4.9 c | 11.2 b,c | 4.5 b | 0.1 c | 2.0 b,c | - | - |
| F5 | 833 b | 32 a | 70 c | 2.2 b | 0.9 d,e | - | 53 d,e | 3.4 c | 6.6 d | 5.4 a | - | 17 d | 3.8 c,d | 4.4 c | 10.0 b,c | 4.4 b,c | 0.1 c | 2.1 b,c | - | - |
| F6 | 575 c | 14 c | 46 d | 2.5 b | 0.7 e | - | 38 e | 1.6 d | 5.1 e | 4.2 b | - | 11 e | 2.8 d | 3.3 d | 7.1 c | 3.9 c,d | 0.1 c | 1.9 c | - | - |
| F7 | 206 d | 6 d | 17 e | 1.8 b | 0.1 f | - | 14 f | 0.9 e | 3.3 f | 4.3 b | - | 4 f | 0.4 e | 2.1 e | 1.1 d | 3.1 e | 0.01 d | 0.3 e | - | - |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
| Hindukusch | ||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 2030 a | 16 b,c | 342 a | 29.5 a | 18.7 a | 1.9 a | 939 a | 12.1 a | 45.8 a | 4.7 a | 37.3 a,b | 128 a | 5.2 b,c | 14.7 a | 44.1 a,b | 5.3 b | 0.8 a | 2.0 a | 1.7 a | 0.2 a |
| F2 | 2237 a | 20 a,b | 374 a | 26.2 a | 9.2 b | 0.6 b | 355 b | 3.7 b | 48.0 a | 5.3 a | 77.5 a | 135 a | 6.8 a,b | 11.5 a,b | 57.4 a | 6.3 a | 0.3 b | 2.0 a,b | 1.7 a | 0.1 b |
| F3 | 1968 a | 25 a,b | 309 a | 23.1 a | 5.8 b | - | 154 c | 1.7 c | 33.3 b | 5.3 a | 63.9 a | 99 a,b | 8.7 a | 10.3 b,c | 47.9 a,b | 5.6 a,b | 0.2 b | 1.8 b,c | 1.6 a | 0.1 b |
| F4 | 1643 a | 30 a | 204 b | 10.1 b | 3.0 c | - | 111 c | 1.5 c | 22.5 c | 5.7 a | 26.3 b | 69 b | 4.4 c | 8.4 c | 32.1 b | 5.0 b | 0.1 c | 1.7 c | 1.6 a | 0.1 b |
| F5 | 1130 b | 24 a,b | 114 c | 6.7 b,c | 1.9 c,d | - | 53 d | 1.1 c | 13.8 d | 5.6 a | 7.4 c | 41 c | 3.1 d | 5.7 d | 17.1 c | 4.2 c | 0.1 c | 1.8 b,c | 1.1 a | 0.1 b |
| F6 | 840 b | 25 a,b | 74 d | 4.2 c | 1.3 d | - | 35 d | 1.3 c | 10.1 e | 5.3 a | 4.2 c | 29 c | 2.8 d | 4.4 d | 12.2 c | 3.7 c | 0.1 c | 1.9 a,b,c | 1.6 a | 0.04 c |
| F7 | 353 c | 10 c | 24 e | 1.2 c | 0.2 e | - | 9 e | 0.1 d | 5.3 f | 5.4 a | 3.3 c | 9 d | 0.4 e | 2.4 e | 1.1 d | 3.2 d | - | 0.3 d | - | - |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.2 |
| Annapurna | ||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | 1850 a | 15 b,c | 262 a | 28.5 a | 5.2 a | 0.30 | 169 a | 1.7 a | 11.1 a | 4.6 a,b | - | 43 a | 5.9 a,b | 10.2 a | 42.0 a | 6.3 a | 0.2 a | 2.3 a | - | - |
| F2 | 1697 a | 16 b,c | 179 b | 13.3 b | 1.6 b | - | 78 b | 0.8 b | 8.7 b | 4.9 a | - | 26 b | 11.7 a | 7.2 b | 27.9 b | 5.1 b | 0.1 b | 2.2 a,b | - | - |
| F3 | 1323 b | 19 a,b | 109 c | 3.8 c | 0.9 c | - | 37 c | 0.6 b,c | 6.7 c | 4.6 a,b | - | 16 c | 3.6 b | 5.2 c | 15.4 c | 4.4 b | - | 2.1 b,c | - | - |
| F4 | 968 c | 25 a | 69 d | 3.1 c,d | 1.0 c | - | 21 d | 0.5 b,c | 4.9 d | 4.3 b,c | - | 9 d | 2.8 b | 3.5 d | 8.3 d | 3.5 c | - | 2.0 c,d | - | - |
| F5 | 809 d | 20 a,b | 58 d | 2.1 d,e | 2.3 b | - | 20 d | 0.5 b,c | 4.1 e | 4.0 c | - | 7 d,e | 2.7 b | 2.8 e | 5.4 e | 3.4 c,d | - | 1.9 d | - | - |
| F6 | 623 e | 14 c | 42 e | 2.3 d | 2.1 b | - | 15 d | 0.5 b,c | 3.9 e | 4.3 b,c | - | 6 e | 2.6 b | 2.5 e | 4.1 e | 3.3 c,d | - | 1.9 d | - | - |
| F7 | 259 f | 6 d | 18 f | 1.4 e | 0.1 d | - | 7 e | 0.4 c | 3.1 f | 4.1 c | - | 3 f | - | 1.9 f | - | 2.9 d | - | - | - | - |
| SED | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.02 | |||
Results are presented as the mean. Means within a column followed by different letters indicate significant differences on log-transformed data; (Tukey-Kramer’s HSD for α = 0.05). SED: standard error of the difference between means. iso-F: isoferulic, DiF: Diferulic acid, TriF: Triferulic acid, DC DiF: Decarboxylated diferulic acid, DiF THF: Diferulic tetrahydrofuran, p-Cm: p-Coumaric acid, m-Cm: m-Coumaric acid, p-OHB: p--hydroxybenzoic acid, OHB: m- or o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4DiOHB: 2,4-dihydroxyenzoic acid, Cinna: Cinnamic acid, Ag-g: Apigenin 6-C-arabinoside 8-C-glucoside, Isosc g: Isoscoparin 7-glucoside, Isosc r: Isoscoparin 7-rutinoside, Isov g: Isovitexin 7-glucoside.—Not detected.