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. 2021 Mar 16;13(3):214. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030214

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mean Fumonisins (FUMO) concentration adjusted for agronomic factors, in maize. (a) Mean adjusted FUMO concentration according to the presence or absence of boring insects; (b) mean adjusted FUMO concentration according to the earliness of the maize variety. The two categories for earliness (EARLY, LATE) and for borer presence (NO, YES) are shown on the x-axis. The adjusted mean FUMO concentration obtained with a mixed linear model (lmer(FUMO ~ factor + (1|Year)) applied to a database of 738 observations is plotted on the y-axis. Different letters (a and b) above the bars indicate significant differences at p-value < 0.001 in ANOVA test for each variable.