Figure 3.

Adjusted mean FUMO concentrations, according to maize variety earliness and the presence of borers. The earliness of the maize variety is plotted along the x-axis (EARLY, LATE). The adjusted mean FUMO concentration obtained by applying the mixed linear model (lmer(FUMO ~ Earliness*Borers + (1|Year)) to a database of 738 observations is plotted on the y- axis. Green bars correspond to plots without borers, whereas yellow bars correspond to plots with borers. Different letters (a, b and c) above the bars indicate significant differences at p-value < 0.05 in Tukey’s multiple comparison test.