Figure 1.

Bioengineered cardiac tissue compared to native adult cardiac tissue. Current hiPSC cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols yield mixed cardiomyocyte subtype populations with immature structure and function, and cell cultures are contaminated with non-cardiomyocytes and undifferentiated cells. Developing a hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation process driving subtype-specific, mature and pure cell cultures will be instrumental in extending the clinical application of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. hiPSCs, human-induced pluripotent stem cells.