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Results of detoxification and antioxidant defenses (a,b), oxidative damage (c,d), and acetylcholinesterase (e) biomarkers in Gibbula umbilicalis’ whole body when exposed to Asparagopsis armata exudate for 168 h (n = 8, pools of 2 individuals). Results are shown in boxplot (i.e., the median, the first and the third quartiles, and the nonoutliers’ range and the outliers); * Significant differences from the control (Kruskal–Wallis test, Nemenyi post hoc test, p < 0.05).
