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. 2021 Mar 3;9(3):210. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030210

Table 3.

Individual factors associated with high likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine.

Variables Model 1 1 Model 2 2
n Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval p-Value Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval p-Value
Sex:
Men 1458 1.00 1.00
Women 1498 0.74 (0.62–0.88) 0.001 0.67 (0.55–0.83) <0.001
Age
20–49 years 1416 0.45 (0.35–0.56) <0.001 0.59 (0.45–0.77) <0.001
50–64 years 761 0.60 (0.47–0.76) <0.001 0.71 (0.54–0.94) 0.014
≥65 years 779 1.00 1.00
Underlying diseases 3
Yes 830 1.35 (1.12–1.63) 0.002 1.32 (1.06–1.65) 0.015
No 2126 1.00 1.00
Marital status
Married 1721 1.24 (1.02–1.50) 0.032 1.13 (0.91–1.41) 0.278
Not married 1235 1.00 1.00
Employment status:
Working 1788 1.08 (0.88–1.32) 0.476 1.08 (0.86–1.36) 0.492
Not working 1168 1.00 1.00
Residential area:
Tokyo metropolitan area 4 925 1.01 (0.85–1.19) 0.921 1.01 (0.83–1.22) 0.954
Other 2031 1.00 1.00
Living arrangement:
Alone 534 1.00 1.00
With other 2422 1.08 (0.86–1.36) 0.521 1.08 (0.83–1.40) 0.586
Educational attainment:
University graduate level or above 1556 1.15 (0.98–1.36) 0.092 1.04 (0.86–1.26) 0.679
Below University graduate level 1400 1.00 1.00
Annual personal income
<2 million yen (approximately 19,000 USD) 1420 0.71 (0.52–0.97) 0.033 0.67 (0.47–0.95) 0.026
2–4 million yen (19,000–38,000) 765 1.04 (0.77–1.40) 0.794 0.93 (0.67–1.31) 0.695
4–6 million yen (38,000–57,000) 437 1.03 (0.75–1.41) 0.846 1.00 (0.70–1.43) 0.997
≥6 million yen or more (57,000–) 334 1.00 1.00
Perceived likelihood of becoming infected with COVID-19 in the future 5
Low 994 1.00
Middle 1147 1.04 (0.84–1.30) 0.692
High 815 1.58 (1.23–2.02) <0.001
Perceived severity of a COVID-19 infection
Low 840 1.00
Middle 1025 1.18 (0.94–1.49) 0.149
High 1091 1.31 (1.02–1.68) 0.033
Perceived effectiveness of a COVID-19 vaccine
Low 298 1.00
Middle 608 2.39 (1.69–3.39) <0.001
High 2050 9.15 (6.69–12.51) <0.001
Willingness to protect others by getting oneself vaccinated
Low 489 1.00
Middle 843 1.37 (1.05–1.78) 0.022
High 1624 3.51 (2.75–4.48) <0.001
Significance of identified factors influencing respondents’ decision-making regarding vaccination
Safety of vaccine
Low 193 1.00
Middle 472 1.48 (0.95–2.29) 0.082
High 2291 0.64 (0.43–0.95) 0.027
Vaccination accessibility
Low 320 1.00
Middle 653 1.21 (0.84–1.73) 0.303
High 1983 1.98 (1.42–2.75) <0.001
Doctor’s recommendation
Low 522 1.00
Middle 882 0.89 (0.67–1.17) 0.395
High 1552 1.18 (0.90–1.54) 0.224

1 The independent variables were sex, age (20–49/50–64/65 years and older), underlying diseases, marital status, employment status, residential area, living arrangement, educational attainment, and annual personal income. 2 The independent variables were the factors in model 1 plus perceived likelihood of becoming infected with COVID-19 in the future, perceived severity of a COVID-19 infection, perceived effectiveness of a COVID-19 vaccine, willingness to protect others by getting vaccinated, and the significance of identified factors influencing respondents’ decision-making regarding vaccination (three items). 3 Underlying diseases included heart disease, respiratory disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. 4 Tokyo metropolitan area included Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba prefecture. 5 Participants responded using a 7-point scale, and we coded each attitude and belief variable so that higher values indicate greater levels of that construct. When a participant responded with 1–3, 4, or 5–7 on the scale, the level of that construct was defined as low, middle, or high, respectively.