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. 2021 Mar 16;11(3):245. doi: 10.3390/life11030245

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proliferation of CD4⁺ (A) and CD8⁺ (B) cells in healthy donors (n = 12) and RA patients (n = 6); (C) example of slow and fast proliferation (for an example of one of the donors). Significantly higher proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells was observed when the influence of cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15) was accompanied by TCR stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies. Mean ± SD. A comparison of related groups was performed using one-way analysis of variance for dependent groups (RM one-way ANOVA), and post hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s tests. Unrelated groups were compared using unpaired Student’s t-tests. RA, rheumatoid arthritis.