Figure 1.

Pooled time- and frequency-domain heart-rate variability (HRV) markers in all patients (n = 3). Bar graphs show RR mean (μ_RR), RR variance (σ²_RR), and the absolute (HFa_RR) and normalized (HFnu_RR) power in the high-frequency (HF) band. Data in the 4 h preceding (PRE) and the first 4 h following the onset of the hereditary angioedema (HAE) attack (ONGOING) were pooled together on the day of the attack (Day_Attack, white bars) and compared with data during the same phase of the circadian rhythm on the day before (Day_BEFORE_Attack, black bars). Data are relevant to all patients and presented as mean ± standard deviation. Symbol # indicates p < 0.05 Day_Attack vs. Day_BEFORE_Attack.