Figure 2.

Pooled time- and frequency-domain HRV markers in Patients 1, 2 and 3. Bar graphs show RR mean (μ_RR), RR variance (σ²_RR), and absolute (HFa_RR) and normalized (HFnu_RR) power in the HF band. Hour-by-hour data in the 4 h preceding (PRE) and in the first 4 h following the onset of the HAE attack (ONGOING) were pooled together on the day of the attack (Day_Attack, white bars) and compared with data during the same phase of the circadian rhythm on the day before (Day_BEFORE_Attack, black bars). Data pertain to Patient 1 (upper panels), Patient 2 (middle panels), and Patient 3 (lower panels), and are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Symbol # indicates p < 0.05 Day_Attack vs. Day_BEFORE_Attack and the symbol * indicates p < 0.05 PRE vs. ONGOING.