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. 2021 Mar 12;18(6):2900. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062900

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Temporal evolution of time and frequency domain HRV markers in Patients 1, 2 and 3. Bar graphs show the RR mean (μ_RR), RR variance (σ²_RR), and the absolute (HFa_RR) and normalized (HFnu_RR) power in the HF band in Patient 1 (upper panels), Patient 2 (middle panels), and Patient 3 (lower panels). Indices were calculated hour-by-hour in the 4 h preceding (PRE) and the first 4 h following the onset of the HAE attack (ONGOING) on the day of the attack (Day_Attack, white bars) and compared to data during the same circadian phase on the day before (Day_BEFORE_Attack, black bars). Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation.