Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the experimental set up utilized for the evaluation of ozone-based inactivation of HCoV-OC43 using FATHHOME device. An aliquot (100 µL) with known amounts of HCoV-OC43 virions was placed on the chosen surface (glass coverslips and N95 FFR) and exposed to ozone for indicated exposure dose and time. The mock- and ozone-treated viruses were then collected to determine the viral RNA stability (via quantitative RT-PCR), and viral infectivity, which involves detection of infectious intracellular RNA copies (via qRT-PCR) and localization of viral protein (through IFA) in A549-hACE-2 (HA-FLAG) cells.