Table 5.
Results of the GMDS-ER analysis in untreated DS control group.
| Items | DS-CT (1–8 y) (n = 10) Group 2 |
p-Value | DS-CT (≤ 2 y) (n = 5) Group 2a |
p-Value | DS-CT (2–8 y) (n = 5) Group 2b |
p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T6 | T6 vs. T0 | T0 | T6 | T6 vs. T0 | T0 | T6 | T6 vs. T0 | |
| Chronological age (CA) | 37 ± 22 | 43 ± 22 | n.s | 18 ± 5 | 24 ± 5 | 56 ± 15 | 62 ± 15 | n.s | |
| General Quotient—Age-Equivalent (AE) | 20 ± 5 | 24 ± 11 | n.s | 11± 3 | 16 ± 2 | 0.01 | 29 ± 10 | 33 ± 9 | n.s |
| Gap between chronological age and AE general quotient (CA-AE) | 17 ± 12 | 18 ± 12 | n.s | 7± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 27 ± 7 | 29 ± 7 | n.s | |
| Locomotor (subscale A) | 22 ± 14 | 25 ±16 | <0.01 | 10± 2 | 12 ± 2 | 33 ± 10 | 39 ± 11 | n.s | |
| Personal-Social (subscale B) | 24 ± 12 | 28 ± 14 | <0.01 | 16± 5 | 18 ± 4 | 33 ± 10 | 39 ± 11 | n.s | |
| Language (subscale C) | 19 ± 11 | 21± 10 | <0.01 | 11± 2 | 15 ± 1 | 0.02 | 26 ± 11 | 28 ± 11 | n.s |
| Eye and Hand Co-ordination (subscale D) | 24 ± 14 | 27 ± 12 | n.s | 13 ± 4 | 18 ± 4 | 34 ± 13 | 37 ± 10 | n.s | |
| Performance (subscale E) | 21 ± 9 | 25 ± 8 | <0.01 | 14 ± 4 | 20 ± 4 | 0.01 | 29 ± 7 | 31 ± 9 | n.s |
| Practical Reasoning (subscale F) | NA | NA | n.s | NA | NA | NA | 31 ± 9 | 31 ± 7 | n.s |
DS, Down syndrome; CT, controls; NA, not applicable; n.s, not significant. All data are expressed in months (mean ± SD). Data have been analyzed as entire group and subgroups according to chronological age at enrolment ≤ 2 years and 2–8 years. Practical Reasoning (subscale F) is present only in the GMDS-ER 2–8 and applies to children aged 2–8 years.