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. 2021 Mar 16;10(3):467. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030467

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A brief, although not exhaustive, scheme of the renin–angiotensin system. Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; Agt, angiotensinogen; Ang, angiotensin; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; APA, aminopeptidase A; APN, aminopeptidase N; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; AT2R, angiotensin II type 2 receptor; BK, bradykinin; EC, (−)-epicatechin; L-Arg, L-arginine; Mas, Mas receptor; NEP, neutral endopeptidase, NO, nitric oxide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; PI3/Akt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/kinase B; TX, (+)-taxifolin, (−)-taxifolin or their racemic mixture.