Table 2.
Summary of clinical findings of horses infected with Ross River virus naturally.
| Azuolas, J.K. et al. [25] | El-Hage, C.M. et al. [27] | Barton, A.J. et al. [26] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | Prospective study | Case series | Longitudinal case series |
| Number of horses | 750 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Location | New South Wales and Victoria | Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria | Lockyer Valley, Queensland |
| Clinical signs | |||
| Lethary/exercise intolerance/poor performance | 5/5 | 2/4 | 5/5 |
| Pyrexia | — | 3/4 | 2/5 |
| Submandibular lymphadenopathy | — | 4/4 | — |
| Oral petechiae | — | 2/4 | — |
| Tachypnoea | — | — | 3/5 |
| Tachycardia | 2/5 | — | — |
| Muscle pain/stiffness | 4/5 | 2/4 | 5/5 |
| Lameness | 4/5 | 1/4 | 2/5 |
| Limb oedema | — | 3/4 | 2/5 |
| Synovial effusion | 2/5 | 1/4 | 2/5 |
| Inappetence/colic | 1/5 | ¼ | 2/5 |
| Ataxia/incoordination | 4/5 | — | — |
| Haematology/Biochemistry | |||
| Hyperfibrinogenaemia | — | 3/3 | — |
| Hyperglobulinaemia | — | 3/3 | — |
| Neutropenia | — | — | 1/5 |
| Anaemia | — | — | 1/5 |
| Lymphocytosis | — | — | 1/5 |
| Lymphopenia | 1/5 | ||
| Creatinine kinase | — | — | 1/5 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | — | — | 1/5 |
| Serology | |||
| IgM titre (range) | 1:5120–1:81,920 | 1:5120–1:40,960 | 1:20,480 |
| IgG titre (range) | 0–1:40,960 | 0–1:10,240 | 1:20,480 |
| Viral neutralization test (range) | — | — | 1:160–1:2880 |
1 Only clinical sign from 5 horses; and serology from 3 horses were recorded.