Table 3.
Time budgets for standing/resting, lying, eating, movement/locomotion and other behaviors determined in the 12 studies included in this review, provided as range, or mean ± standard deviation.
| Author(s) and Publication Year |
TB in % Standing or Resting | TB in % Lying |
TB in % Eating |
TB in % Movement/Locomotion |
TB in % Other Behaviour e.g. Drinking, Playing |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boy & Duncan 1979 [18] | 8.1–11.8% | 2.7–15% | 13–62% | Data of foals during developing | ||
| Duncan 1980 [37] | 12.9–19.52% | 4.25–13.76% | 50.82–63.89% | 5.45–9.3% | n.a. | TB ranges based on the TB detailed in Table 9 of the publication, TB variation due to sex and age |
| Duncan 1985 [38] | 13.4–29.3% | 4.2–15.5% | 60.8–66.6% | 4.3–13.4% | n.a. | TB ranges based on the TB detailed in Table 8 of the publication; TB depending on season and gender |
| Boyd et al. 1988 [39] | 36.6% ± 5.4% | 5.3% ± 2.5% | 46.4% ± 5.9% | 7.4% ± 1% | 10.2% ± 0.5% | Variation during daytime and season for feeding and standing |
| Berger et al. 1999 [28] | 36.4% ± 15.7% winter: 48.4% ± 15% summer: 30.7% ± 29% |
n.a. | 29.8% ± 13% | n.a. | n.a. | Fluctuation over 24 h for feeding behaviour |
| Price et al. 2003 [40] | 54 ± 9: control group 66 ± 12: post-surgery |
8 ± 6: control group 4 ± 6: post-surgery |
34 ± 6: control group 20 ± 9: post-surgery |
0.015 ± 0.005: control group 3 ± 2: post-surgery |
2% ± 0%: control 2% ± 1%: post-surgery |
Values 0–24 h post-surgery, horses are housed in a stable |
| Elia et al. 2010 [41] | in stall: pellet-fed group: 58% in stall: hay-fed group: 36.6% paddock: pellet-fed group: 47.5 % paddock: hay-fed group: 32.4% |
n.a. | In stall: pellet-fed group: 10% In stall: hay-fed group: 64% |
paddock: pellet-fed group:12.3% paddock: hay-fed group 19.1% | searching: in stall: pellet-fed group: 11.5% in stall: hay-fed group: 1.2% |
TB are provided separately for the time spent in the stable resp. the paddock for both groups |
| Aristizabal et al. 2014 [42] | ground feeding: 68% ± 8.6%. feeder: 65% ± 8.2% |
ground feeding: 3% ± 5.5% feeder: 5% ± 6.68% |
ground feeding: 28% ± 5.5% feeder: 31% ± 8.4% |
n.a. | n.a. | Increased hay intake during daytime |
| Sartori et al. 2017 [43] | 15.58% ± 5.02% | 25.72% ± 4% | 32.47% ± 3.75% | 15.32% ± 2.37% | 11.31 ± 3.32% | Details for gender and diet |
| Maisonpierre et al. 2019 [44] | 33% (27.5–31.1) daytime51% (47.1–55.2) night-time 36% (33.3–39.2) standard paddock 42.9% (36.6–47.1) small paddock |
n.a. | 60.8% (58.2 65–4) daytime 46.8% (43.3–50.2) night-time 50.8% (47.9–55) standard paddock 48.6% (42.9–56.7) small paddock |
4.6% (3.7–6.9) daytime2.4% (0.8–3.4) night-time 4.1% (3.1–5.8) standard paddock 2.5% (1.9–4.2) small paddock |
n.a. | TBs per paddock size were calculated based on the hours spent for each activity provided in the publication |
| Correa et al. 2020 [45] | Basal: 62.7% Hay bag: 65% |
Basal: 10.7% Hay bag: 9.9% |
Basal: 12.5%Hay bag: 15.9% | Abnormal behaviour: Basal: 9% Hay bag: 5.9% |
Leisure combines movement, standing, investigation | |
| Raspa et al. 2020 [46] | 30.56% ± 6.56% | 27.33% ± 2.05% | 30.55% ± 3.59% | 4.07% ± 1.06% | <2% | reduced stocking density increased locomotion and playing, this change in TB was not quantified |