Figure 3.

Schematic representation of cancer cell surface GRP94-targeting antibody, with its pathological role in the cancer microenvironment. GRP94 is highly expressed on the cancer cell surface. Several receptors are known for interacting with cell surface GRP94, and they facilitate cancer development by activating oncogenic signaling. So far, EGFR, HER2, uPAR, and ER-α36 are known transmembrane receptors that require GRP94 for cancer development and activation. However, still undiscovered receptors that interact with cell surface GRP94 to promote cancer development may exist. Targeting cell surface GRP94 in cancer inhibits its interactions, resulting in the reduction of oncogenic signaling transduction, which leads to the inhibition of cancer development.