Table 1.

Principal etiologies of myocarditis, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, perimyocarditis, and myopericarditis.

Viruses

Parvovirus B19 Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 6, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus) SARS-CoV-2 Adenovirus Enterovirus (coxsackie, echovirus) Influenza Human Immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus

Bacteria

Borrelia Burgdorferi Staphilococcus Streptococcus Trypanosoma Coxiella Burnetii

Other Infectious Agents

Echinococcus Taenia Toxocara Trichinella Trypanosoma cruzi Aspergillus

Toxic Agents

Amphetamines Cocaine Insect stings Spider/snake bites

Immune Mechanisms

Associated with systemic autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitides, sarcoidosis)

Allergen mediated (vaccines, drugs, serum sickness)