Table 2.
Pre- and posttherapeutic parameters of vocal function in all patients and all cordectomy types (mean ± SD), their mean therapeutic differences (Diff) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for changes in vocal measures three months after pT1a removal.
| Vocal Measure | Total Group (n = 51) |
Type I Cordectomy (n = 24) |
Type II Cordectomy (n = 18) |
Type III Cordectomy (n = 9) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEM | Pre Post |
64.4 ± 32.7 82.8 ± 30.5 |
65.4 ± 36.9 86.7 ± 33.5 |
70.3 ± 31.7 81.9 ± 25.4 |
51.0 ± 18.4 74.1 ± 33.2 |
| Diff (CI) | 18.4 (9.0; 29.8) *** | 21.3 (5.1; 37.6) * | 11.6 (−3.2; 32.6) * | 23.1 (−5.7; 52.0) * | |
| DSI | Pre Post |
1.2 ± 2.4 1.5 ± 2.3 |
1.5 ± 2.4 1.8 ± 2.6 |
1.4 ± 2.3 1.0 ± 2.1 |
−0.2 ± 2.6 1.8 ± 1.8 |
| Diff (CI) | 0.3 (−0.2; 1.3) | 0.3 (−0.5; 1.9) | −0.4 (−1.4; 0.6) | 2.0 (0.1; 3.9) * | |
| Jitter (%) | Pre Post |
0.9 ± 1.1 0.6 ± 0.4 |
0.8 ± 1.1 0.6 ± 0.3 |
0.7 ± 0.9 0.6 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 1.6 0.5 ± 0.3 |
| Diff (CI) | −0.3 (−0.7; −0.02) | −0.2 (−0.7; 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.7; 0.3) | −1.0 (−2.0; 0.1) * | |
| MPT (s) | Pre Post |
13.3 ± 5.6 13.3 ± 6.0 |
14.1 ± 5.2 14.7 ± 6.3 |
12.3 ± 6.6 10.9 ± 5.7 |
13.3 ± 4.5 14.6 ± 4.5 |
| Diff (CI) | −0.01 (−1.9; 1.9) | 0.6 (−2.4; 3.6) | −1.4 (−4.6; 1.7) | 1.3 (−3.6; 6.0) | |
| VHI−9i | Pre Post |
17.7 ± 8.1 9.3 ± 8.8 |
16.6 ± 8.3 10.5 ± 9.0 |
17.1 ± 7.1 7.7 ± 8.7 |
22.1 ± 9.1 9.2 ± 8.8 |
| Diff (CI) | −8.4 (−10.9; −5.6) *** | −6.1 (−10.5; −2.1) ** | −9.4 (−13.1; −4.9) ** | −12.9 (−20.4; −4.3) * | |
| VHIs | Pre Post |
2.0 ± 0.7 1.0 ± 0.9 |
1.9 ± 0.9 1.0 ± 1.0 |
1.9 ± 0.6 0.8 ± 0.9 |
2.4 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 0.9 |
| Diff (CI) | −1.0 (−1.4; −0.8) *** | −0.9 (−1.3; −0.6) *** | −1.1 (−1.7; −0.7) *** | −1.4 (−2.2; −0.6) * | |
| G | Pre Post |
1.9 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.7 |
1.5 ± 0.8 1.0 ± 0.8 |
2.2 ± 0.4 1.5 ± 0.6 |
2.2 ± 0.7 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| Diff (CI) | −0.6 (−0.8; −0.4) *** | −0.5 (−0.8; −0.2) ** | −0.7 (−0.9; −0.4) ** | −0.8 (−1.2; −0.2) * | |
| R | Pre Post |
1.8 ± 0.7 1.2 ± 0.7 |
1.5 ± 0.8 1.0 ± 0.8 |
2.1 ± 0.5 1.5 ± 0.6 |
2.0 ± 0.8 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| Diff (CI) | −0.6 (−0.8; −0.4) *** | −0.5 (−0.8; −0.2) ** | −0.6 (−0.9; −0.3) ** | −0.7 (−1.2; −0.1) * | |
| B | Pre Post |
1.0 ± 0.6 0.6 ± 0.6 |
0.8 ± 0.7 0.4 ± 0.6 |
1.2 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.5 |
1.4 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.7 |
| Diff (CI) | −0.4 (−0.6; −0.2) *** | −0.4 (−0.7; −0.1) ** | −0.3 (−0.6; −0.1) ** | −0.5 (−1.1; 0.1) * | |
B: breathiness; DSI: dysphonia severity index; G: (overall) grade of hoarseness; MPT: maximum phonation time; R: roughness; VEM: vocal extent measure; VHI-9i: 9-item voice handicap index, VHIs: self-perceived overall vocal impairment. The level of significance is indicated as follows: * significant at p < 0.05; ** significant at p < 0.01; *** significant at p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).