| Table of Contents | ||
| 1. | Introduction | 2 |
| 2. | Commercial membranes for VRFB Work | 5 |
| 3. | Polymer membrane Development | 9 |
| 3.1 Membrane Structures | 9 | |
| 3.2 Membrane Polymers | 10 | |
| 4. | Polymer membrane Development | 11 |
| 4.1 Membrane Properties | 15 | |
| 4.2 Membrane Impact on VRFB Cell Performance | 32 | |
| 5. | Cycle Stability | 46 |
| 6. | Membrane Costs | 47 |
| 7. | Conclusions | 48 |
| 8. | Acknowledgements | 50 |
| 9. | Abbreviations | 51 |
| 10. | References | 52 |