Effect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone on hyperarousal states in both male and female Wistar and msP rats. Mifepristone (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and rats were subjected to the acoustic startle response test after 90 min. Mifepristone had no effect on ameliorating the startle response to acoustic stimuli. (A) 120 dB trial 1 startle response, (B) 120 dB trials 2–6 startle response, (C) 120 dB final block startle response, (D) average prepulse inhibition startle response, (E) 80–105 dB startle responses in vehicle (n = 8) or mifepristone-treated (n = 8) male Wistar rats and vehicle (n = 6) or mifepristone-treated (n = 8) male msP rats. (F) 120 dB trial 1 startle response, (G) 120 dB trials 2–6 startle response, (H) 120 dB final block startle response, (I) average prepulse inhibition startle response, (J) 80–105 dB startle responses in vehicle (n = 8) or mifepristone-treated (n = 8) female Wistar rats and vehicle (n = 6) or mifepristone-treated (n = 8) female msP rats. (K) 120 dB trial 1 startle response, (L) 120 dB trials 2–6 startle response, (M) 120 dB final block startle response, (N) average prepulse inhibition startle response, (O) 80–105 dB startle responses in male Wistar (n = 8) and male msP (n = 6) rats, female Wistar (n = 8) and female msP (n = 8) rats. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD protected post hoc tests when interaction between variables occurred. For repeated stimulus intensities (E,J,O), a mixed model three-way ANOVA was used. Main effect of genotype, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001. Main effect of sex, @@@
p ≤ 0.001, @
p < 0.05. Post hoc test revealed significant differences between genotypes, $$
p ≤ 0.01. Post hoc test revealed significant differences between sexes, ###
p ≤ 0.001.