Table 1.

Assessment of D-banding in scaffolds electrospun collagen scaffolds.

Origin	Source	Solvent	Ultrastructure	Solution Injection Rate	Ref.
Calfskin	Extracted in-house	HFP	D-banding observed via TEM	3–7 mL/h	[17]
Calfskin	Sigma-Aldrich	HFP	D-banding observed via TEM	5 mL/h	[22]
Calfskin	Sigma-Aldrich	HFP	D-banding observed via AFM	0.5–1.5 mL/h	[25]
Calfskin	Sigma-Aldrich	HFP	D-banding observed via TEM	2–8 mL/h	[27]
Fish-derived collagen type I	Medira Ltd.	Acetic Acid: DMSO (93:7)	D-banding observed via TEM	0.6 mL/h	[38]
Calfskin	Extracted in-house	HFP	D-banding observed via TEM	Not reported	[86]
Porcine dermis	Extracted in-house	HFP	Maintenance of structure via circular dichroism	0.2 mL/h	[64]
Source not listed	Sichuan Ming-rang Bio-Tech Co. Ltd.	HFP	No D-banding observed via XRD	0.8 mL/h	[30]
Bovine dermis (soluble)	Kensey Nash Corporation	HFP	No D-banding observed via TEM	4 mL/h	[36]
Tilapia skin	Extracted in-house	HFP	No maintenance of structure observed via circular dichroism	1.0 mL/h	[59]