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. 2021 Mar 18;13(3):221. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030221

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Synergistic effect in cell death can be induced by patulin (PAT) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in AML12 and HEK293 cells. (A) Cell death caused by PAT with or without CdCl2 in AML12 cells. Cells were incubated with PAT, CdCl2 or both co-administered in a fixed ratio (1:5) for 24 h and cell death was measured. (B) Western blot showing the expression of c-PARP in AML12 cells. (C) The combination index (CI) was calculated using CompuSyn software. (D) Cell death caused by PAT with or without CdCl2 in HEK293 cells. Cells were incubated with PAT, CdCl2 or both co-administered in a fixed ratio (2:1) for 24 h and the cell number was measured. (E) Western blot showing the expression of c-PARP in HEK293 cells incubated with PAT and/or CdCl2. (F) The combination index (CI) was calculated using CompuSyn software. n = 3, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001.