Figure 3.

Increased ROS level induced by the co-administration of PAT and CdCl₂ in AML12 cells. (A) Effect of PAT/CdCl₂ co-administration on ROS level. Cells were incubated with PAT with or without CdCl₂ for 12 h, and ROS levels were detected using 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). (B) Effect of Nacetyl-1-cysteine (NAC) on PAT/CdCl₂-induced cell death. Cells were incubated with a combination of PAT and CdCl₂ or the combination plus NAC for 24 h, and then, cell death was measured. n = 3, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01.