. 2021 Mar 18;10(3):644. doi: 10.3390/foods10030644

Table 2.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels (μg/kg) in sesame oil without and with cellulosic aerogel treatment.

		PAH ¹ (μg/kg)
Roasting		BaA			CHR			BbF			BaP			PAH4
Temp. (°C)	Time (min)	Control	Cellulosic Aerogel	t-Value	Control	Cellulosic Aerogel	t-Value	Control	Cellulosic Aerogel	t-Value	Control	Cellulosic Aerogel	t-Value	Control	Cellulosic Aerogel	t-Value
150	10	0.93 ± 0.01 ^bc	0.64 ± 0.01 ^c	35.10 ***	0.41 ± 0.01 ^c	0.30 ± 0.02 ^d	10.18 ***	0.18 ± 0.00 ^b	ND²	-	0.18 ± 0.00 ^b	ND	-	1.71 ± 0.02 ^bB	0.94 ± 0.01 ^dB	48.98 ***
	20	0.91 ± 0.02 ^c	0.64 ± 0.01 ^c	19.98 ***	0.42 ± 0.01 ^b	0.27 ± 0.03 ^b	7.73 **	0.17 ± 0.01 ^d	ND	-	0.19 ± 0.01 ^b	ND	-	1.69 ± 0.01 ^dB	0.92 ± 0.04 ^dB	36.47 ***
	30	0.95 ± 0.02 ^c	0.71 ± 0.01 ^d	20.18 ***	0.44 ± 0.02 ^d	0.30 ± 0.01 ^d	10.49 ***	0.18 ± 0.01 ^c	ND	-	0.19 ± 0.00 ^c	ND	-	1.77 ± 0.03 ^cA	1.01 ± 0.01 ^dA	37.56 ***
180	10	0.91 ± 0.02 ^cB	0.65 ± 0.01 ^bB	17.82 ***	0.46 ± 0.02 ^bC	0.34 ± 0.02 ^cB	7.97 **	0.19 ± 0.01 ^b	ND	-	0.19 ± 0.01 ^ab	ND	-	1.75 ± 0.00 ^bC	1.00 ± 0.01 ^cC	92.17 ***
	20	0.92 ± 0.01 ^cB	0.66 ± 0.02 ^cB	19.21 ***	0.48 ± 0.01 ^bB	0.30 ± 0.01 ^bC	28.47 ***	0.19 ± 0.01 ^c	0.15 ± 0.01	4.42 *	0.19 ± 0.01 ^b	ND	-	1.78 ± 0.00 ^cB	1.12 ± 0.03 ^cB	40.60 ***
	30	0.97 ± 0.02 ^cA	0.76 ± 0.02 ^cA	12.54 ***	0.56 ± 0.01 ^cA	0.42 ± 0.01 ^cA	20.66 ***	0.22 ± 0.02 ^c	0.16 ± 0.01	5.26 **	0.20 ± 0.01 ^c	ND	-	1.95 ± 0.02 ^bA	1.34 ± 0.03 ^cA	27.97 ***
210	10	1.13 ± 0.03 ^aB	0.79 ± 0.01 ^aB	16.98 ***	0.47 ± 0.00 ^bB	0.39 ± 0.01 ^bC	9.76 ***	0.21 ± 0.01 ^bC	0.17 ± 0.01	5.35 **	0.20 ± 0.01 ^abB	ND	-	2.00 ± 0.04 ^aC	1.35 ± 0.02 ^aC	24.48 ***
	20	1.13 ± 0.01 ^bB	0.73 ± 0.02 ^bC	41.72 ***	0.59 ± 0.08 ^aA	0.49 ± 0.01 ^aA	2.12	0.25 ± 0.01 ^bB	0.20 ± 0.01 ^B	10.09 ***	0.22 ± 0.02 ^aA	ND	-	2.20 ± 0.06 ^bB	1.43 ± 0.00 ^bB	21.63 **
	30	1.80 ± 0.05 ^aA	0.89 ± 0.01 ^aA	30.76 ***	0.62 ± 0.01 ^bA	0.44 ± 0.01 ^bB	21.06 ***	0.30 ± 0.04 ^bA	0.24 ± 0.01 ^A	2.73	0.24 ± 0.01 ^bA	ND	-	2.97 ± 0.05 ^aA	1.58 ± 0.01 ^bA	43.54 ***
240	10	0.97 ± 0.01 ^bC	0.63 ± 0.01 ^cC	34.20 ***	0.53 ± 0.03 ^aC	0.42 ± 0.01 ^aB	5.67 *	0.31 ± 0.02 ^aC	0.20 ± 0.01 ^C	7.33 **	0.20 ± 0.00 ^aB	ND	-	2.02 ± 0.04 ^aC	1.26 ± 0.03 ^bC	27.48 ***
	20	1.27 ± 0.02 ^aB	0.98 ± 0.02 ^aA	18.17 ***	0.61 ± 0.01 ^aB	0.45 ± 0.03 ^aB	10.01	0.45 ± 0.00 ^aB	0.38 ± 0.01 ^B	10.18 ***	0.24 ± 0.01 ^aA	ND	-	2.58 ± 0.02 ^aB	1.82 ± 0.05 ^aB	22.58 ***
	30	1.30 ± 0.01 ^bA	0.83 ± 0.02 ^bB	43.52 ***	0.72 ± 0.01 ^aA	0.50 ± 0.01 ^aA	26.30 ***	0.55 ± 0.02 ^aA	0.41 ± 0.01 ^A	9.76 ***	0.35 ± 0.02 ^aA	0.22 ± 0.01	12.95 ***	2.92 ± 0.03 ^aA	1.97 ± 0.00 ^aA	46.83 ***

¹ PAH: benzo[a]anthracene: BaA; chrysene: CHR; benzo[b]fluoranthene: BbF; benzo[a]pyrene: BaP; PAH4: the sum of BaA, CHR, BbF, and BaP; Control: untreated cellulosic aerogel; ² ND: not detected, below the detection limit. ^a–d In each line, different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) as a function of roasting temperature at the same roasting time and with the same sample by Duncan’s test. ^A–C In each line, different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) as a function of roasting time at the same roasting temperature and with the same sample by Duncan’s test. Significant differences between the control and cellulosic aerogel-treated groups were analyzed by the t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001).