Table 4.
Color | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roasting | L* | a* | b* | ||||
Temp. (°C) | Time (min) | Control | Cellulosic Aerogel | Control | Cellulosic Aerogel | Control | Cellulosic Aerogel |
150 | 10 | 94.72 ± 0.01 cA | 95.47 ± 0.02 bA | −1.86 ± 0.01 aA | −2.22 ± 0.02 bB | 6.94 ± 0.01 dC | 6.65 ± 0.01 dC |
20 | 90.63 ± 0.01 aC | 88.84 ± 0.01 bC | −1.90 ± 0.02 cB | −1.64 ± 0.03 bA | 8.53 ± 0.01 dA | 8.78 ± 0.03 dB | |
30 | 91.37 ± 0.01 aB | 90.05 ± 0.06 aB | −1.83 ± 0.02 bA | −1.66 ± 0.02 bA | 7.96 ± 0.02 dB | 8.89 ± 0.02 dA | |
180 | 10 | 91.16 ± 0.01 dA | 92.19 ± 0.05 dA | −1.85 ± 0.02 aA | −1.82 ± 0.01 aA | 8.58 ± 0.01 cC | 8.49 ± 0.01 cC |
20 | 89.93 ± 0.03 bB | 90.14 ± 0.02 aB | −1.84 ± 0.00 bA | −1.98 ± 0.00 cB | 10.09 ± 0.07 cB | 9.77 ± 0.02 cB | |
30 | 87.21 ± 0.01 bC | 88.51 ± 0.07 bC | −2.22 ± 0.01 cB | −2.12 ± 0.02 cC | 11.22 ± 0.03 cA | 11.09 ± 0.05 cA | |
210 | 10 | 95.73 ± 0.02 aA | 96.06 ± 0.04 aA | −2.83 ± 0.01 bC | −2.92 ± 0.01 cC | 10.12 ± 0.01 bC | 10.06 ± 0.02 bC |
20 | 84.26 ± 0.03 cB | 85.34 ± 0.02 cB | −2.75 ± 0.02 dB | −2.80 ± 0.02 dB | 18.64 ± 0.01 bB | 18.31 ± 0.02 bB | |
30 | 45.67 ± 0.02 cC | 46.87 ± 0.05 cC | 0.06 ± 0.00 aA | 0.05 ± 0.01 aA | 20.66 ± 0.05 bA | 20.08 ± 0.02 bA | |
240 | 10 | 95.10 ± 0.02 bA | 94.57 ± 0.02 cA | −3.17 ± 0.01 cB | −3.07 ± 0.05 dB | 12.43 ± 0.11 aC | 12.15 ± 0.10 aC |
20 | 81.85 ± 0.04 dB | 82.11 ± 0.02 dB | 2.60 ± 0.03 aA | 2.63 ± 0.02 aA | 22.46 ± 0.05 aB | 21.10 ± 0.06 aB | |
30 | 20.54 ± 0.02 dC | 22.00 ± 0.06 dC | −3.21 ± 0.03 dC | −3.19 ± 0.01 dC | 52.59 ± 0.09 aA | 52.14 ± 0.10 aA | |
t-value | −0.06 NS | −0.01 NS | 0.08 NS |
a–d Values followed by different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05) as a function of roasting temperature at the same roasting time and with the same sample by Duncan’s test. A–C Values followed by different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05) as a function of roasting time at the same roasting temperature and with the same sample by Duncan’s test. Significant differences between the control and cellulosic aerogel-treated groups were analyzed by the t-test. NS No significant difference.