Table 1.

AJCC TNM staging (8th edition).

T Stage	Description
Tx	Primary tumor unable to be evaluated
T0	No evidence of primary tumor
Ta	Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
Tis	Carcinoma in situ
T1	Tumor invades lamina propria but does not involve bladder muscle
T2	Tumor invades bladder muscle
T2a	Tumor invades superficial muscle (inner half)
T2b	Tumor invades deep muscle (outer half)
T3	Tumor invades perivesical tissue
T3a	Microscopic perivesical invasion
T3b	Macroscopic perivesical invasion
T4	Tumor invades adjacent organs
T4a	Tumor invades prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, or vagina
T4b	Tumor invades pelvic wall or abdominal wall
N stage
Nx	Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0	Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac, or presacral)
N1	2+ regional lymph node metastases in the true pelvis
N3	Lymph node metastasis to common iliac lymph nodes
M stage
M0	No distant metastasis
M1	Distant metastasis
M1a	Non-regional lymph node metastasis
M1b	Non-lymph node distant metastasis