Table 1.

Examples of lncRNA markers with potential prognostic and diagnostic values for HCC patients.

Examples of LncRNAs	Source of Biomarkers	Method of Analysis	Roles in HCC	Modes of Action	Biological Functions	Reference
HULC	Blood	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	miRNA sponge; Stabilizing SIRT1	Promote metastasis and chemotherapy resistance	[45,109]
MALAT1	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	SRSF1 upregulation and mTOR activation	Promote metastasis and tumorigenesis	[110,122]
LINC00152	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	Upregulate the expression of CCND1 through miRNA sponge	Promote cell cycle progression	[115,123]
LINC00511	Serum-derived exosomes	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	Upregulate EYA1 expression through miRNA sponge	Promote cell proliferation and migration	[108,124]
LINC00161	Serum-derived exosomes	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	Activate ROCK2 signaling pathway through miRNA sponge	Promote angiogenesis and metastasis	[125]
LncRNA-ATB	Serum-derived exosomes	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	Upregulate ZEB1 expression through miRNA sponge	Promote metastasis	[33,108]
ZFAS1	Plasma	qRT-PCR	Oncogene	Upregulate ZEB1 expression through miRNA sponge	Promote metastasis	[31,126]