Table 2.
Characteristics of the 12 studies included in the systematic review.
| No | First Author | Year of Publication | Country | Study Design | Year of Data Collection | Outcome of Interest | Population | Sex | Occupation | Total Workers in Informal Economy (IE) | Number of Cases in IE | Number of Non-Cases in IE | Total Workers in Formal Economy (FE) | Number of Cases in FE | Number of Non-Cases in FE | Point Estimate (SE) [Ref FE Workers] |
95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giatti [22] | 2008 | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2003 | Health services use | 32,887 | Male | Multiple | 8255 | 3599 * | 4656 * | 16,673 | 9554 * | 7119 * | OR 0.60 (0.03) | 0.56–0.64 |
| 2 | Giatti [23] | 2011 | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2008 | Health services use | 31,331 | Male | Multiple | 10,185 | 5052 | 5133 | 21,146 | 13,089 | 8057 | OR 0.83 (0.05) | 0.81–0.85 |
| 3 | Le [24] | 2015 | Vietnam | Cross sectional | x | Health services use | 1800 | Both | Multiple | 210 | 120 | 90 | 340 | 213 | 127 | OR 0.38 (0.35) | 0.19–0.74 |
| 4 | Miquillan [25] | 2013 | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2008 | Health services use | 152,233 | Both | Multiple | 62,612 | 54,347 | 8265 | 76,246 | 65,267 | 10,979 | OR 0.86 (0.01) | 0.84–0.89 |
| *5 | Lopez- Bonilla [26] | 2011 | Nicaragua | Cross sectional | 2005 | Fatal occupational injuries | 2,080,899 | Both | Multiple | 1,318,241 | 79,094 | 1,239,147 | 762,658 | 92,807 | 669,851 | OR 0.49 | |
| *6 | Mora [27] | 2011 | Costa Rica | Cross sectional | 2005/2006 | Fatal occupational injuries | x | Both | Multiple | x | 159 | x | x | 163 | x | OR 1.05 | |
| *7 | Cunningham [28] | 2012 | Paraguay | Cross sectional | 2009 | Non-fatal occupational injuries | 114 | Both | Waste recyclers | 102 | 13 | 89 | 12 | 2 | 10 | OR 0.76 | |
| 8 | Calys-Tagoe [29] | 2017 | Ghana | Cross sectional | 2014 | Non-fatal occupational injuries | 404 | Both | Small Scale Miners | 109 | 59 | 50 | 295 | 62 | 233 | OR 0.64 | 0.32–1.18 |
| 9 | Santana [30] | 2003 | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2000 | Non-fatal occupational injuries | 2947 | Both | Multiple | 1555 | 174 | 1381 | 1392 | 167 | 1225 | OR 0.92 | 0.74–1.16 |
| 10 | Abbas [31] | 2013 | Egypt | Cross sectional | 2012 | Depression | 451 | Both | Cleaners | 242 | 143 | 99 | 209 | 62 | 147 | OR 3.4 | 2.27–5.17 |
| 11 | Da Silva [32] | 2006 a | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2004 | Depression | 881 | Both | Waste recyclers | 441 | 197 | 244 | 440 | 148 | 292 | OR 1.4 | 1.2–1.7 |
| 1 | Giatti [22] | 2008 | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2003 | Depression | 32,887 | Male | Multiple | 8255 | x | x | 16,673 | x | x | OR 1.1 | 0.87–1.39 |
| 12 | Da Silva [33] | 2006 b | Brazil | Cross sectional | 2004 | Musculoskeletal disorders | 254 | Both | Waste recyclers | 441 | 61 | 380 | 44 | 25 | 415 | PR LBP 1.1 PR ULP 1.1 PR LLP 0.9 |
0.9–1.1 1.0–1.3 0.8–1.1 |
* Studies 5–7 do not have 95% CI or p values.