Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the complexity of GBM’s microenvironment. The principal soluble factors with crucial roles in GBM proliferation, migration, neoangiogenesis, and immune-escape are represented in the upper right corner. Instead, a summary of the cellular components of GBM’s immune microenvironment that interact with tumour cells is reported at the bottom, together with novel therapeutic strategies (monoclonal antibodies or vaccines). For further information, see text. MAb: monoclonal antibody.