Table 1.
Gα subunit expression and well-defined effector partners.
| Family | Member | Distribution | Major Signaling Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gαs | Gαs(S) Gαs(L) | ubiquitous | adenylyl cyclase (+) |
| Gαs(XL) | neuroendocrine cells | ||
| Gαolf | olfactory sensory neurons, striatum | ||
| Gαi/o | Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3 | ubiquitous | adenylyl cyclase (−) |
| Gαo1, Gαo2 | neurons, heart, neuroendocrine cells | ||
| Gαz | rod and cone cells of the eye | ||
| Gαt1, Gαt2 | taste cells | phosphodiesterase (+) | |
| Gαg | neurons and platelets, adrenal chromaffin cells, neurosecretory cells | ||
| Gαq/11 | Gαq | ubiquitous | phospholipase C (+) |
| Gα11 | ubiquitous | ||
| Gα14 | kidney, lung, liver, spleen | ||
| Gα15 | hematopoietic cells | ||
| Gα16 | hematopoietic cells | ||
| Gα12/13 | Gα12 | ubiquitous | Rho GTPases (+) |
| Gα13 | ubiquitous |