Table 1.

Chemical composition (wt.%) of the examined stainless steel (manufacturer specification) and mechanical properties before and after HE.

	C	Si	Mn	P	S	N	Cr	Mo	Ni	Cu	Co
316L	0.017	0.36	1.82	0.30	0.026	0.077	16.88	2.04	10.14	0.38	0.10
		Ultimate Tensile Strength			Yield Stress		Elongation to Fracture			Hardness
		UTS (MPa)			YS (MPa)		εf (%)			HV0.2
316L		610			285		65			205
316L after HE		1250			1180		11.9			355
UFG 316L after HSFW		1080			1017		0.63			‒