Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the anthropometric and serum biochemical parameters before (pre) and after (post) 12 weeks of low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet in IBS-D patients as a whole group and categorized according to their low (L-VD) or normal (N-VD) vitamin D levels at baseline.
| Total Pre (n = 36) |
Total Post (n = 36) |
Rank-Sum Test p |
L-VD Pre (n = 16) |
L-VD Post (n = 16) |
Rank-Sum Test p |
N-VD Pre (n = 20) |
N-VD Post (n = 20) |
Rank-Sum Test p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 43.10 ± 1.70 | // | // | 43.90 ± 2.90 | // | // | 42.50 ± 2.00 | // | // |
| Height (cm) | 1.60 ± 0.01 | // | // | 1.60 ± 0.10 | // | // | 1.60 ± 0.020 | // | // |
| Weight (kg) | 65.50 ± 2.10 | 62.00 ± 1.90 | <0.001 | 66.70 ± 3.70 | 63.50 ± 3.60 | <0.001 | 64.60 ± 2.30 | 60.80 ± 2.10 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.10 ± 0.80 | 23.80 ± 0.80 | <0.001 | 25.90 ± 1.40 | 24.70 ± 1.40 | <0.001 | 24.50 ± 0.80 | 23.20 ± 0.80 | <0.001 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 88.90 ± 1.80 | 86.20 ± 1.80 | <0.001 | 89.10 ± 3.30 | 86.40 ± 3.20 | 0.034 | 88.90 ± 1.90 | 86.00 ± 2.10 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.10 ± 2.00 | 76.30 ± 1.90 | <0.001 | 79.80 ± 3.80 | 77.70 ± 3.50 | 0.011 | 78.60 ± 2.20 | 75.30 ± 1.90 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.68 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.05 | 0.63 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 32.64 ± 1.38 | 33.91 ± 1.20 | 0.31 | 33.25 ± 2.15 | 33.87 ± 1.50 | 0.93 | 32.16 ± 1.83 | 33.84 ± 1.75 | 0.33 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.42 ± 0.07 | 8.84 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | 9.46 ± 0.10 | 8.84 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 9.39 ± 0.10 | 8.84 ± 0.10 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorous (mg/dL) | 3.64 ± 0.13 | 3.65 ± 0.12 | 0.83 | 3.45 ± 0.19 | 3.45 ± 0.18 | 0.79 | 3.79 ± 0.17 | 3.80 ± 0.16 | 0.95 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 42.37 ± 2.31 | 42.85 ± 2.32 | <0.001 | 43.45 ± 3.30 | 43.93 ± 3.33 | <0.001 | 41.50 ± 3.28 | 41.99 ± 3.28 | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index. PTH: parathyroid hormone. Data expressed as means ± SEM. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment data. The Mann–Whitney test was applied in comparing the two subgroups before and at the end of the diet. Differences considered significant at p < 0.05; n.s. = not significant.