Table 4.

Circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-8 before (pre) and after (post) 12 weeks of low FODMAP diet in IBS-D patients categorized in L-VD and N-VD subgroups according to their low or normal VD levels at baseline.

	Total Pre (n = 36)	Total Post (n = 36)	Rank-Sum Test p	L-VD Pre (n = 16)	L-VD Post (n = 16)	Rank-Sum Test p	N-VD Pre (n = 20)	N-VD Post (n = 20)	Rank-Sum Test p
IL-6 (pg/mL)	5.3 ± 0.13	5.1 ± 0.13	0.020	5.4 ± 0.24	5.1 ± 0.21	0.232	5.3 ± 0.2	5.1 ± 0.2	0.052
IL-8 (pg/mL)	4.5 ± 0.40	4.0 ± 0.16	0.019	4.0 ± 0.18	3.8 ± 0.14	0.109	4.9 ± 0.71	4.2 ± 0.26	0.113

Data expressed as means ± SEM. Wilcoxon rank-sum-test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment data. The Mann–Whitney test was applied in comparing the two subgroups before and at the end of the diet. Differences considered significant at p < 0.05.