Table 1.
Flexibility by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, pooled GSS-QWL data.
| Demographic Characteristics | Flexibility Indicators (% in Columns) | All (% in Column) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work at Home | Take Time off | Change Schedule | ||
| Age (significance) | *** | *** | *** | |
| Mean | 46.0 | 43.5 | 43.8 | 42.8 |
| Total | 2325 | 5298 | 3188 | 7315 |
| Sex (significance) | * | ** | *** | |
| Female | (48.9) | (50.8) | (48.8) | (51.7) |
| Total | 2335 | 5310 | 3196 | 7339 |
| Race and ethnicity (significance) | *** | *** | *** | |
| Hispanic | (7.4) | (9.7) | (8.4) | (10.6) |
| Non-Hispanic | ||||
| White | (75.9) | (67.5) | (74.0) | (66.0) |
| Black | (7.5) | (13.3) | (8.6) | (13.1) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | (5.3) | (6.4) | (5.8) | (07.0) |
| Multiracial | (3.7) | (2.6) | (2.8) | (02.7) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | (0.3) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.5) |
| Total | 2320 | 5285 | 3182 | 7302 |
| Education (significance) | *** | *** | *** | |
| 1–7 years of school | (0.8) | (1.2) | (1.2) | (1.4) |
| 8 years of school | (0.7) | (0.9) | (0.8) | (1.0) |
| 9–11 years of school | (3.4) | (7.3) | (5.7) | (7.8) |
| High school graduate | (15.5) | (25.4) | (21.7) | (25.5) |
| 13–15 years of school | (23.0) | (29.7) | (28.9) | (29.9) |
| Bachelor’s degree | (27.1) | (19.9) | (22.9) | (18.8) |
| Postgraduate | (29.9) | (15.6) | (18.7) | (15.6) |
| Total | 2333 | 5305 | 3192 | 7329 |
| Family Income (significance) | *** | *** | *** | |
| USD 10,000 or less | (4.0) | (6.6) | (5.4) | (7.0) |
| USD 10,001–25,000 | (10.0) | (18.5) | (15.0) | (19.0) |
| USD 25,001–50,000 | (25.0) | (31.0) | (29.0) | (32.0) |
| USD 50,001–75,000 | (24.0) | (20.0) | (21.0) | (19.0) |
| USD 75,000 and above | (37.0) | (25.0) | (30.0) | (23.0) |
| Total | 2153 | 4886 | 2911 | 6757 |
| Health status (significance) | ** | *** | ** | |
| Overall health good | (87.9) | (87.4) | (88.2) | (86.1) |
| Total | 2321 | 5303 | 3191 | 7319 |
| Marital status (significance) | *** | *** | *** | |
| Married and living with spouse | (56.6) | (48.4) | (51.4) | (47.3) |
| Total | 2333 | 5309 | 3195 | 7337 |
| Family-work interference (significance) | *** | ** | *** | |
| Family interferes with work | (66.1) | (43.0) | (60.0) | (28.7) |
| Total | 2312 | 5306 | 3182 | 7312 |
| Hours worked per week (significance) | *** | *** | - | |
| Mean Total |
43.5 2335 |
40.4 5310 |
42.0 3196 |
42 7315 |
Note: *, **, and ***, respectively, denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% level.