Effects of B. adolescentis supplementations on energy metabolism. (A–D) Relative mRNA expression of thermogenesis genes uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc1-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (Ppar-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Ppar-γ) in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). (E,F) Relative mRNA expression of lipolytic enzyme genes hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) and acylglycerol lipase (Mgl) in the BAT. (G) Relative mRNA expression of Ppar-γ in the liver. (H) Relative mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in the liver. (I) Relative mRNA expression of Ppar-γ in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). (J) Relative mRNA expression of the bile acid receptor Tgr5 in the ileum. (K,L) Concentrations of serum leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Data are shown as means ± standard deviations (SD). Asterisks indicate significant differences (one-way ANOVA, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). n = 5 or n = 6 (for K,L) mice per group.