Table 3.

Significant associations between different variables of COVID-19 patients (anthropometric data, background, treatment, and biochemical variables) and WHO eight-point classification of severe pneumonia by COVID-19 criteria.

Correlations	WHO 4	WHO 5	WHO 6	WHO 7	WHO 8
Anthropometric Data
Age (years)	0.336 **	0.182 **	0.19 **	0.093	0.324 **
BMI (kg/m2)	0.187 **	0.107	0.154 **	0.103	0.067
SBP (mmHg)	0.112	−0.017	0.052 *	0.038	0.097
DBP (mmHg)	−0.07	−0.094	−0.075	−0.143 *	−0.112
Background and Comorbidities
Exercise	−0.308 **	−0.194 **	−0.287 **	−0.22 **	−0.275 **
MS	0.107	0.018	0.031	0.041	0.232 **
T2DM	0.191 **	0.125 *	0.148 *	0.021	0.212 **
Dyslipidemia	0.11	0.075	0.069	0.143 *	0.176 **
Hypertension	0.286 **	0.062	0.1	0.091	0.257 **
CVD	0.069	−0.046	−0.048	0.002	0.157 **
Respiratory diseases	−0.035	0.019	−0.003	−0.082	0.123 *
Cancer	0.103	0.126*	0.085	0.063	0.279 **
COVID-19 Treatment
Hydroxychloroquine	0.664 **	0.284 **	0.496 **	0.336 **	0.218 **
Azithromycin	0.217 **	0.024	0.066	−0.04	0.049
Lopinavir−ritonavir	0.569 **	0.293 **	0.462 **	0.372 **	0.107
Tocilizumab	0.146 *	0.137 *	0.011	0.044	0.124 *
Interferon	0.219 **	0.214 **	0.329 **	0.416 **	0.065
Remdesivir	−0.038	0.043	−0.133 *	−0.042	−0.02
Biochemical Parameters
Leukocytes (x109/L)	0.057	0.024	0.16 *	0.101	0.087
Lymphocytes (%)	−0.221 **	−0.217 **	−0.277 **	−0.204 **	−0.158 *
D-Dimer (ng/mL)	0.246 **	0.119	0.192 *	0.166 **	0.236 **
ESR (mm)	0.19 *	0.097	0.114	0.138	0.036
IL-6 (pg/mL)	0.285 **	0.114	0.32 **	0.222 **	0.262 **
Ferritin (ng/mL)	0.194 *	0.162 *	0.204 **	0.15 *	0.082
CRP (mg/dL)	0.334 **	0.223 **	0.323 **	0.177 **	0.085
Glucose (mg/dL)	0.129 *	0.038	0.116	0.106	0.165 **
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	0.501 **	0.122	0.289	0.188	0.074
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.056	−0.026	0.065	0.091	0.212 **
AST (U/L)	0.104	0.106	0.137 *	0.111	0.02
GGT (U/L)	0.243 **	0.121	0.15 *	0.186 **	−0.054
AP (U/L)	0.092	0.021	0.146 *	0.117	0.09
LDH (U/L)	0.299 **	0.22 **	0.286 **	0.21 **	0.15 *
Troponin (ng/L)	0.281 **	0.124	0.27 **	0.244 **	0.319 **

BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MS: metabolic syndrome; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IL-6: interleukin-6; CRP: c-reactive protein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; AP: alkaline phosphatase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; N: counts; WHO 4: oxygen by mask or nasal; WHO 5: non-invasive ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] or positive bipressure in the airways [BiPAP]) or high-flow oxygen; WHO 6: intubation with mechanical ventilation, mask with reservoir; WHO 7: mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, support with vasopressors, or dialysis/renal replacement therapy. All correlations were expressed as Spearman rho correlation coefficient; WHO 8, death. * Significant association with a p-value < 0.05. ** Significant association with a p-value < 0.01.